The bioshareeu healthy obese project aims to gain insights into the consequences of healthy obesity using data on risk factors and phenotypes across several largescale cohort studies. Pdf prevalence of metabolic syndrome in saudi arabia a. Thus, determination of metabolic syndrome would be inferior to the use of a specific risk assessment method such as the diabetes predicting model, which takes family history into account. A total of 9 patients with a diagnosis of severe mental illness participated in the study. The presence of one component of metsyn increases the risk of developing metsyn later in life and likely represents a high lifetime burden of. Several expert groups have attempted to propose diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 5. Metabolic syndrome is present in 10% of women and 15% of men with normal glucose tolerance. The term metabolic syndrome describes a cluster of metabolic alterations associated with excess fat weight. During 20072012, nonhispanic black men were less likely than nonhispanic white men to have metabolic syndrome odds ratio or, 0. Metabolic syndrome ms is characterised by a constellation of individual risk factors of cardiovascular disease. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of ms, its components and risk factors among a rural population in ghana based on two popular. Jan 21, 2017 the asiapacific region is home to nearly half of the worlds population. We analyzed data on metabolic risk factors among 22,457 adults aged.
Metabolic risk factors and abnormalities such as obesity and hypertension are rapidly rising among the chinese population following chinas tremendous economic growth and widespread westernization of lifestyle in recent decades. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes 20032006. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance and the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2.
The analytic sample consisted of 3,423 adults, 20 years of age and over, from nhanes 20032006. Insulin resistance is a significant contributor to the metabolic syndrome. Study finds high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in u. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in chinese adolescents. The objective of this report is to determine the prevalence. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2. People with the metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus 1 and cardiovascular disease 2 as well as increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes. For example, while obesity is a very consistent component of mets, it remains unclear if obesity is a cause or consequence of mets. Jan 12, 2010 the metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue.
When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. Introduction metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder and an emerging clinical challenge. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among working adults in. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a rural population in. A panel for early detection, management, and risk stratification in the west virginian population krithika srikanthan 1, andrew feyh, haresh visweshwar, joseph i. This crosssectional study of 1,935 individuals 1,171 men and 764 women was conducted among working adults in addis ababa, ethiopia. In that setting, metabolic syndrome remained significantly associated only with pselectin p 0. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus dm is on the increase and with this scenario, a possible increase in burden of dm which may be largely attributed to cardiovascular complications is expected. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated. Pdf prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban india. In recent years this syndrome has become much more common in the united states.
Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol data from the world health organization suggests 65% of the worlds. The region has seen a recent rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity, type2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Assess the role of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in the development and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. A search was conducted on pubmed, scopus and ovidsp medline and embase using the term metabolic syndrome, prevalence and the name of each south asian country for studies published on or after the year 2000.
Mets is a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with insulin resistance within individuals that increase the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Preventing chronic disease influence of change in aerobic. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban community. The unadjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35%. Jun 20, 20 metabolic risk factors and abnormalities such as obesity and hypertension are rapidly rising among the chinese population following chinas tremendous economic growth and widespread westernization of lifestyle in recent decades.
Metabolic syndrome, prevalence of metabolic syndrome in geographic area e. The metabolic syndrome ms is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ascvd. The relative risk of metabolic syndrome in comparison with the general hong kong population was 2. Prevalence and gender distribution of the metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome prevention since insulin resistance, physical inactivity and excess weight are the main underlying contributors to the development metabolic syndrome, and all of these things are preventable, stopping metabolic syndrome before it starts is. Nigeria, metabolic syndrome, cardio metabolic syndrome, syndrome x, world health organization, international diabetic federation, national cholesterol. Cardiometabolic syndrome cms is a complex cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease cvd and diabetes.
The ultimate importance of metabolic syndrome is that it helps identify individuals at high risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease cvd. Causes, incidence, and risk factors metabolic syndrome is becoming more and more common in the united states. We analyzed data on metabolic risk factors among 22,457 adults. Another alarming trend is the increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in young people. Recommendations for treatment once a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is made, the future management of the condition should be aggressive and uncompromising in its aim to reduce the risk of cvd and type 2 diabetes. Data from the national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes 19992006 reported a metabolic syndrome prevalence of 34 percent. The metabolic syndrome is combination of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, poor lipid profile that contribute to cardiovascular illness and death. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is commonly recognized as the primary clinical. Patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk of developing metabolic disorders.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically. The metabolic syndrome metsy is increasingly common, both in australia and overseas. It is considered a multiplex cardiovascular risk factor, in that each component of the cluster of abnormalities is a risk factor in its own right. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome amongst controls in our study was comparable to 19.
A patient is considered to have metabolic syndrome if heshe has 3 or more of the risk criteria. Metabolic syndrome is burning topic presently, majority of adults are affected by metabolic syndrome, it constitutes nearly 25% of cases, and increasing trend is seen in patients with central obesity. Quality improvement initiative monitoring for metabolic syndrome for members taking antipsychotic medications metabolic syndrome is a cluster of features hypertension, central obesity, glucose intoleranceinsulin resistance and dyslipidemia that is predictive of both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several other synonyms have been attached to this constellation of risk factors. Accordingly, the vast majority of patients with the metabolic syndrome. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome. In addition to syndrome x, several other synonyms have been proposed such as deadly quartet, drop syndrome dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and high blood pressure, reaven syndrome, multiple metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance syndrome. The australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study ausdiab in 2000, found that 19% of australians aged 25 years and over met the criteria for a diagnosis of the metsy. Not all obese subjects have an adverse metabolic profile predisposing them to developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Jun 05, 2012 the metabolic syndrome is the clustering of several cardiometabolic risk factors that can lead to the development of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. Thus, determination of metabolic syndrome would be inferior to the use of a specific risk assessment method such as the diabetes predicting model, which takes. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among chinese adolescents overall was 37 % 10 % in us adolescents. Metsyn prevalence is present in approximately 25% of all adults with increased prevalence in advanced ages. Among us adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35% from 19881994 to 20072012, increasing from 25.
Following the original description of the syndrome, there has been expansion of knowledge on the pathogenesis of metabolic and vascular alterations in mets. The typical abnormalities include impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance ir hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, upper body obesity, coagulation abnormalities, hyperuricemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome in. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a rural population. Drug therapy and the metabolic syndrome general aspects although the preventive measures described above should always be the primary approach to intervention in patients with the metabolic syndrome, this approach is not always successful, in particular in the long term. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesityassociated. Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. The metabolic syndrome ms which is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, central obesity, and endothelial dysfunction was hitherto relatively uncommon among africans south of the sahara. Visser2 1departments of pharmacotherapy, cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery, academic medical centre, amsterdam, the netherlands, and 2department of cardiology, free university medical centre, amsterdam, the netherlands correspondence. Limited information is available about the current burden of metabolic syndrome mets in china. Metabolic syndrome ms is a set of metabolic disorders that represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease cvd, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 dm2. Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome ms varies worldwide due to genetic and environmental factors. Sep 02, 2014 metabolic syndrome ms is a set of metabolic disorders that represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease cvd, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 dm2. Various criteria have been given by idf, who, other diabetic societies all over the world.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among working adults in ethiopia. The metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue. This crosssectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various populations. Aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, metabolic. A search for each risk factor and its relation to mets was conducted. Understanding health risk indicators and proper application to worker. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and premetabolic syndrome in.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies by defini tion used and population studied. Individuals with mets or insulin resistance syndrome are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus 10,11 and at increased risk of mortality from cvd 12 15. Assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The preculture for type 2 diabetes has only recently been observed in children and the current obesity epidemic, so it is not surprising that pediatric metabolic syndrome is a relatively new term. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in south asia region. Developing this new synthesis and analysis of the metabolic syndrome will bring together the viewpoints of epidemiologists, physiologists, molecular biologistsbiochemists, and clinicians toward understanding the current state of knowledge of both the causes and consequences of the metabolic syndrome. The current study was a populationbased survey of cohort of subjects in the metropolitan city of mumbai. A populationbased crosssectional study, with 37,582 participants recruited in nantong, china. A search for the association between mets and cvd and mets and t2dm was conducted and also a search of cvd and t2dm alone. A total of 548 subjects, who attended the cardiac evaluation camp, were recruited in the study. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of ms, its components and risk factors among a rural population in ghana based on two.
You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. Metabolic syndrome metsyn represents a clustering of different metabolic abnormalities. Edwards school of medicine, marshall university, usa 2. Nov 30, 2016 the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ms varies worldwide due to genetic and environmental factors. Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome page 4 of 7 part 3. The asiapacific region is home to nearly half of the worlds population. Metabolic monitoring and interventions for reducing metabolic syndrome in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in saudi arabia was found to be 39. The risk of metabolic syndrome in the hong kong general population is lower than that observed in western countries. To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome mets according to the international diabetes federation idf and adult treatment panel atp iii criteria among working east african adults.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among us adults. In the united states, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in nonhispanic white men than. Black african and female patients were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. Applying the criteria for us adolescents, we estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 2761 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome. We evaluated whether a change in aerobic fitness resulting from a lifestyle intervention could significantly change the odds of metabolic syndrome prevalence. Mar 16, 2017 among us adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35% from 19881994 to 20072012, increasing from 25. Metabolic syndrome prevalence by raceethnicity and sex in. High blood pressure bp is a frequent component of ms, often associated with insulin resistance and central obesity 1, 2 and ms is an independent predictor of. This article provides a global overview of the current trends and distribution of metabolic syndrome. Most patients 80% with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome, but the converse is not necessarily true. Epidemiology metabolic syndrome affects approximately 24% of the us adult population. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in south asia.
Individuals with the cms are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus and cvd as well as increased. Risk of developing metabolic syndrome increases as we age. Metabolic syndrome causes prevention treatment by ryan. The metabolic syndrome has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in. The 2002 china national nutrition and health survey is a nationally representative crosssectional study. Oct 30, 2012 the metabolic syndrome ms which is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, central obesity, and endothelial dysfunction was hitherto relatively uncommon among africans south of the sahara. Metabolic syndrome mets is a clustering of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low hdl cholesterol, and it is associated with increased risk for. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults 20 years of age and over, by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 6.